What’s somewhat intriguing, although not, would be the fact for put-names inside Shona the brand new distinction about if a location derived the term away from certain body is morphosyntactically related
28 sample of one’s different kinds of proper noun, the difficulties and this happen, in addition to their it is possible to services for noun group. Which test have a tendency to specialize in personal names, country and you may urban area labels, towns and semiurban agreements, home-based animals, canals, and hills and mountains. It’s hoped that the test, no matter if arbitrarily picked, was, in terms of the morphosyntactic habits, affiliate enough of all the various type of proper nouns you to definitely are found in the Shona business. The last part is the achievement. step 1.dos Theoretic assumptions It is essentially approved you to definitely correct nouns occupy a situation from the linguistic program away from a vocabulary that is different from that of common nouns. In this research a separation is established ranging from issues and that relate toward provider out of right nouns as well as their reputation because the linguistic systems currently. In other words, a distinction is being produced within etymology ones correct nouns and their synchronic reputation (get a hold of Raper ). It is conceded right here that from a solely synchronic part out of consider proper nouns (or brands, since onomasticians refer to them as) keeps source, because they signify identifiable entities about absolute (if you don’t imaginary) world, even so they don’t have lexical meaning otherwise feel (Louwrens 1994:4). By way of example, dombo shdvd a brownish rock and you will musana back (from an individual being or creature) as the buildings was correspondingly good noun words inside group 5 and you will a familiar noun when you look at the category step 3. The name hence comes from the basic structure is actually Dombdshava (cl 9) Domboshava city and you will from the next try Musand (cl los angeles) Musana (a personal title), demonstrating somewhat demonstrably the command over grammatical contract has actually shifted to this away from noun classes 9 and you will los angeles respectively. Although not, regarding Musana, an area-term can be produced by they, particularly Musana (cl los angeles/9) and therefore refers to Chief Musana s country. cit. p. 9) explains would be the fact immediately after nomination (to use Lyons name) has taken place, brand new morphology of erstwhile noun on which the new geographic title would depend becomes obsolete towards the quantity your unique affordable prefix loses their condition as good prefixal morpheme. In other words, by procedure of nomination the original classification prefix was made inoperative in this, since the an element of a real noun, it’s possible to no longer choose it synchronically because a distinct morpheme. (We owe the expression nomination in order to Lyons () exactly who used it to indicate something whereby an excellent 356
Exactly what do end up being concluded from all of these findings, because Louwrens (op
29 name’s assigned to an entity.) This is why, it is noticed one to semantic provides created by nomination usually override official features for the newest control over grammatical contract for the Bantu languages. It is obvious next you to, seen synchronically, proper nouns is actually struggling to becoming analysed morphologically. Such as Musana, just like the identity away from a location, continues to become a beneficial noun from class los angeles, not just in grammatical arrangement, plus inside the inflections such as the copulative in addition to possessive. Needless to say, because the already detailed above, they age particularly Domboshava, that’s not based on your own title, changes their noun group as a keen set-identity and behaves because the good noun regarding class 9 in every areas. step one.step 3 Requirements getting noun category project As stated more than, to help you influence the latest noun class into and therefore a given right noun belongs, specific conditions could well be functioning. Such criteria is actually put into around three types, particularly the newest inflection style of, the newest locative profile feabie type of and concord particular. The newest inflection method of has the new predicative (or copulative) inflection, brand new possessive inflection additionally the adverbial/conjoining inflection. The newest locative variety of comes with the fresh locative prefixes (pa-, ku-, mu-) since the a set. The new concord sort of requirement comprises all of the concordial affixes, e.grams. demonstrative, decimal, plus compared to brand new pronoun. The inflection and locative standards make up just what will become known in order to because the center requirements, given that concord expectations would be regarded as the new peripheral standard. The previous is actually considered to be core requirements as their play with which have confirmed best noun leads to the option of that mode simply of which one other you are able to people in the newest place is actually excluded. Likewise, explore that have an effective peripheral standards can lead to the option of one to or other away from choice types of a flat. Most of these aspects of sentence structure which can be exemplified a lot more than are, with the objective at your fingertips, handled amply because of the Fortune (1985). The hypotheses and that i advance here are below: the fresh center criteria as stated a lot more than will determine the brand new noun classification on and this a given correct noun falls; as well as the effectiveness of the peripheral criterion try quicker by the semantic determine out-of hyponymy. Just like the mention of these types of conditions might be produced frequently regarding the text, they shall be represented less than playing with nouns regarding categories la, 5, 9 and you will 17a. 357
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