CLl-PAST-OBJ
sixteen tu This new REFLEXIVE PREFIX Within the ZULU – A great TYPOLOGICAL Angle Sonja E. Bosch On this page I shall look at wapa recenzja the the latest roots of your own reflexive prefix into the Zulu, spending special attention for the procedure of grammaticalization which lexemes change into grammatical formatives. Due to the fact reflexivization in a number of Bantu dialects might possibly be compared, the article are typically in the type of good typological study. Inside Lehmann s () discussion of one’s phenomena which happen to be commonly referred to as reflexive, it’s fascinating to notice which he assumes five kinds of reflexives, namely 0) autophoric nouns that are normal nouns for example system, breath, heart, head that ple, inside Sanscrit the fresh noun dtman meaning breathing, spirit, plus in Basque, the fresh noun burua meaning lead, are accustomed to show roughly the same as English self. Autophoric nouns utilized as the reflexives usually are followed by an excellent possessive pronoun, as in the following example out-of Vedic: Vedic (1) bdlam dadhana dtmani strength:acc put:part placing strength during the themselves (ii) reflexive nouns being nouns stating the definition notice and absolutely nothing else, such as the Italian language selbst me and you may Finnish itse because the portrayed on the pursuing the advice: 344
17 German (2) Ich komme selbst I’m coming me personally Finnish (3) Halu-at-ko lipu-t itse-lle-si? want-dos.sg-int solution-acc.pl worry about-all-poss.2.sg Would you like the newest seats for your self? In languages such Finnish, Hungarian and you will Turkish reflexive nouns simply take possessive affixes, whilst in most other dialects such as Italian language or the Romance languages, these types of nouns are not typically along side possessive pronouns. (iii) reflexive pronouns having the key purpose of referring to the topic, for instance the German sich in: Italian language (4) Sie waschen sich They are laundry on their own (iv) verbal reflexives which are verb affixes indicating that the action in some way has an effect on the niche, as with the following advice: Swahili (5) a-li-ji-ona SBJ.REFL-find the guy watched themselves Turkish (6) focuk yika-n-di son tidy-refl-beyond the man cleanse themselves Lehmann () emphasizes that limits between the categories are fluid and you will states why these five types of reflexive aspects are in fact toward a size regarding expanding grammaticalization.
Put differently, one can discover which because the an excellent continuum regarding alter which can be represented below: 345
18 Lexical item Grammatical * morpheme Lehmann (ff) brings advice in different languages in order to train the changes which have occurred or continue to be going on from just one class to help you next. The entire process of changes are affirmed by Faltz () who, for his morphological difference in a few fundamental sort of reflexives, particularly NP-reflexives that may consist of an affordable morpheme acting as lead of your own reflexive noun phrase, and you can verbal reflexives, consisting of reflexive pronouns which are cliticized on the verb, remarks: Dialects may move from that pole to your almost every other, in fact, such as for example way is fundamentally about NP-reflexive pole with the spoken reflexive pole. In Zulu reflexiveness is understood in the shape of good prefix which truly precedes the fresh verb stalk. The latest reflexive prefix was invariable in shape, and therefore it’s an effective morphological figure which remains lingering no matter the category that its antecedent belongs. This might be obviously illustrated regarding the after the examples during the Zulu: (7a) Umfana wazishaya the latest-boy the guy-himself smack the child strike themselves (7b) Intombazane izibona esibukwini the brand new-lady she-herself-find in-echo Her notices herself in the reflect In these examples -zi- ’s the reflexive morpheme therefore the methods away from hit to see are led back through to this new particular grammatical sufferers, that is, boy and girl. It’s interesting one from inside the generative studies, a significant opinion is established to your hidden build away from phrases that has had reflexives, specifically NP1 – V – NP1. On top, such as a casing was ungrammatical throughout the Bantu dialects in case the a couple NPs was co-referential and similar in shape, elizabeth.grams. (8) *USipho wakhohlisa usipho * Sipho duped Sipho Inside the Zulu eg a phrase is made grammatical by the insertion away from an excellent reflexive prefix regarding the verb and you can brand new removal of co-referential noun. elizabeth.grams. 346
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